Hickory is the hardest, heaviest and strongest American wood. The sapwood of hickory is white, tinged with inconspicuous fine brown lines while the heartwood is pale to reddish brown. Hickory is coarse-textured and the grain is fine, usually straight but can be wavy or irregular.

BOTANICAL NAME:

ORIGIN:

North America – Eastern United States – The principal commercial areas are the Central and Southern states. Tree height ranges from 60 to 120 feet. Hickories grow slowly and it is not unusual for a tree to take 200 years to mature.

COMMON NAMES:

Bitter Pecan, Bitternut Hickory, Mockernut, Pecan Hickory, Pignut, Shagbark, Shellbark, Swamp Hickory, White Hickory, Pecan Nut, Sweet Pecan, Nogal Morado, and Pecanier

JANKA HARDNESS:

1820

DIMENSIONAL STABILITY:

Pecan is Average – Change Coefficient .00315 – 15% more stable than Northern Red Oak. Hickory is Below Average – Change Coefficient .00411 – 11% less stable than Northern Red Oak.

RELATIVE ABUNDANCE:

Readily Available – 2.2 percent of total U.S. hardwoods commercially available.

INTERESTING FACTS:

Westward trekking pioneers made hickory a prerequisite for their wagon wheels. Later, the Wright Brothers whittled hickory for their “flying contraption.” Hickory sawdust and chips are used to flavor meat by smoking.

Commercially, the pecan is the most important native North American nut tree. Pecan was a Native American name given to any nut hard enough to require cracking with a stone. Native Americans, particularly in the Northeast, used hickory for their bows.

Hickory Pecan is the State tree of Texas.

Andrew Jackson, seventh president of the U.S., was nicknamed “Old Hickory” because of his toughness during disputes.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The hickories are an important group within the Eastern hardwood forests. Botanically they are split into two groups; the true hickories, and the pecan hickories (fruit bearing). The wood is virtually the same for both and is usually sold together. Hickory is the hardest, heaviest and strongest American wood. The sapwood of hickory is white, tinged with inconspicuous fine brown lines while the heartwood is pale to reddish brown. Both are coarse-textured and the grain is fine, usually straight but can be wavy or irregular.

COLOR CHANGE:

Information currently unavailable

MAIN USES:

Hickory and pecan are especially favored by log home owners who want a beautiful rustic effect in their wood flooring. These woods are also used in the manufacture of veneers, tool handles, furniture, cabinetry, ladder rungs, dowels, and sporting goods such as baseball bats, archery equipment, and skis.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

The density and strength of the hickories will vary according to the rate of growth, with the true hickories generally showing higher values than the pecan hickories. The wood is well-known for its very good strength and shock resistance and it also has excellent steam-bending properties. Extremely tough and resilient, even texture, quite hard and only moderately heavy.

WORKING PROPERTIES:

The heaviest of American hardwoods, the hickories can be difficult to machine and glue, and are very hard to work with hand tools, so care is needed. They hold nails and screws well, but there is a tendency to split so pre-boring is advised. The wood can be sanded to a good finish. The grain pattern welcomes a full range of medium-to-dark finishes and bleaching treatments. It can be difficult to dry and has high shrinkage.